The term for the division of powers among different branches of government is referred to as separation of powers. This principle ensures that no single branch—executive, legislative, or judicial—can exert unchecked authority. By distributing powers, the separation of powers promotes checks and balances, preventing abuses of power and fostering accountability. Each branch has distinct functions and responsibilities, ensuring that power is exercised effectively and democratically. This system is essential for maintaining the rule of law and protecting individual rights within a government.