The separation of church and state is significant in modern politics as it ensures that religious institutions do not wield direct influence over government affairs, thus protecting religious freedom and pluralism. This principle fosters an environment where individuals can freely practice their beliefs without state interference. It also guards against the imposition of religious law on a diverse population, maintaining equality among citizens regardless of their faith. By promoting secular governance, this separation enhances democratic integrity and creates a space for inclusive dialogue in a multi-religious society.