The significance of the separation of powers in political systems is to prevent the concentration of authority and safeguard individual freedoms. By dividing power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each branch operates with distinct responsibilities and can check the powers of others. This framework promotes accountability and protects against abuses by ensuring a system of mutual oversight. The separation of powers is fundamental to a functioning democracy, as it creates a balance that enables effective governance while preserving the rights and liberties of citizens.