Judicial activism plays a crucial role in shaping public policy by allowing courts to interpret laws in ways that can effect social change. When judges interpret constitutions or statutes broadly, they can protect civil rights and challenge legislative decisions that may harm marginalized groups. This can lead to landmark rulings that redefine rights and responsibilities within society. However, judicial activism is often contentious; critics argue that it can undermine the separation of powers and challenge democratic legitimacy, as unelected judges wield significant influence over policy outcomes.