In a federal system, a senator serves multiple roles, including representing the interests of their constituents at the national level, participating in law-making, and providing oversight of the executive branch. Senators also engage in deliberation, discussing proposed legislation and ensuring diverse viewpoints contribute to policy decisions. They often act as a bridge between state and federal interests, navigating complex political landscapes that affect both levels of governance. Furthermore, senators play a crucial role in confirming appointments and ratifying treatises, which enhance their influence over significant national issues.