The purpose of a national referendum is to allow citizens to directly participate in decision-making on significant issues, such as constitutional amendments or important policy initiatives. By conducting a referendum, governments seek to gauge public opinion and legitimize their actions through democratic means. This process encourages political engagement by giving voters a direct voice in shaping laws and governance. Furthermore, referendums can strengthen the perception of democracy by fostering transparency and accountability. However, they also carry risks, including oversimplification of complex issues and potential polarization among the electorate.