Political realism is a theory in international affairs that emphasizes the competitive and conflictual nature of human relations. It posits that states act primarily in their own self-interest, prioritizing power and survival above all else. Realists argue that moral considerations and ideals are secondary to practical security concerns. This perspective shapes foreign policy decisions, where leaders may pursue national interests even at the cost of ethical considerations. By focusing on power dynamics and state behavior, political realism offers a lens through which to analyze global conflicts and diplomatic relations.