The term "identity politics" refers to political discourse and action focused on the interests and perspectives of specific social groups, often based on shared characteristics like race, gender, or sexual orientation. It seeks to address the unique experiences and challenges faced by these groups within the broader society. Critics argue it can lead to division, while supporters believe it empowers marginalized identities and addresses systemic inequalities. Ultimately, identity politics influences policy-making and representation, emphasizing the importance of diversity in political movements.