Major technological shifts, such as the rise of the Internet, dramatically reshape the political landscape by altering how information is disseminated and consumed. Social media platforms empower individuals to voice opinions, mobilize support, and challenge established narratives, thus influencing public debate and political engagement. These advances also facilitate surveillance and data analytics, allowing governments and organizations to monitor public sentiment and behavior. However, they can also lead to the spread of misinformation and polarization, complicating the discourse around policy-making and democracy.