The difference between a theocracy and a secular government lies in the role of religion in governance. A theocracy is a system where religious leaders or institutions hold political power, and laws are based on religious texts. In contrast, a secular government maintains a clear separation between religion and state, ensuring that policies and laws are formulated independently of religious doctrine. This distinction is crucial in promoting religious freedom and pluralism, allowing citizens to practice diverse beliefs without state influence and fostering inclusive governance.