The concept of state sovereignty in international law refers to a state's authority to govern itself and control its territory without external interference. This principle is vital for maintaining the structure of the international system, as it establishes equal respect for all states. Sovereignty supports the idea that nations have exclusive rights to make their laws, manage resources, and enter into agreements. However, issues like humanitarian intervention, economic sanctions, and international treaties often challenge the notions of state sovereignty, raising debates about the limits of state power and global responsibility, particularly in cases of human rights violations.