Political realism posits that states act primarily in their own self-interest within an anarchic international system, focusing on power and security. It contrasts with idealism, which emphasizes morality, ethics, and global cooperation. While realists prioritize military and economic strength, idealists advocate for international institutions and norms to guide state behaviors. Realism suggests that the international arena is driven by competition and conflict, while idealism envisions potential for peace and collaboration. This distinction influences how countries approach foreign policy and engage with one another on various issues such as conflict resolution and trade agreements.