The term "political polarization" refers to the growing divide between political parties, ideologies, or groups, leading to extreme differences in beliefs and opinions. This polarization often results in heightened partisanship, where individuals align strictly with their political affiliation, diminishing the chances for bipartisan cooperation. It can manifest in society through voting patterns, media consumption, and social interactions, where like-minded individuals cluster together. Polarization hampers effective governance, fuels public discontent, and can exacerbate conflicts in societal discourse, straining democratic norms and institutions.