Political polarization refers to the growing divide in political attitudes and ideologies, often leading to extreme partisanship. This phenomenon manifests in a lack of common ground between opposing political factions, which can hinder constructive dialogue and compromise. As polarization deeply entrenches differences, it may result in legislative gridlock, increased hostility, and a fragmented political culture. Furthermore, polarization can exacerbate social divisions and influence public opinion, making it more challenging for lawmakers to address pressing issues that require bipartisan cooperation.