The term "political opportunity structure" refers to the various external factors that influence the dynamics of political participation and activism. This concept encompasses the political environment, including the level of political freedom, the responsiveness of the government, and the presence of allies or adversaries. Political opportunity structures can either facilitate or constrain the activities of social movements and organizations. When the political landscape is favorable—such as during periods of open dialogue and reform—marginalized groups may find increased chances to advocate for their rights and influence policy, leading to significant societal changes.