"Democratic consolidation" refers to the process through which a new democracy matures and solidifies its political institutions, norms, and practices. It involves establishing a stable political system where democratic principles are embraced by both the government and the populace. Key factors include the rule of law, civil society engagement, and the protection of individual rights. Successful consolidation leads to increased political participation, accountability, and the peaceful transfer of power, reinforcing the legitimacy of democratic governance and fostering long-term stability.