Intergovernmentalism is an approach in international relations where decisions are made through collaborative agreements between national governments, emphasizing state sovereignty. Unlike federalism, which involves a central authority with power over constituent states, intergovernmentalism relies on voluntary cooperation and consensus among member states. It plays a crucial role in organizations like the European Union, where nations negotiate treaties and policies while retaining significant control over their domestic affairs. This framework often reflects the complexities of international collaboration, balancing national interests with collective goals.