A "special election" is a type of election held to fill a vacancy that occurs when an officeholder resigns, passes away, or is otherwise unable to continue serving. Unlike regular elections that occur on a specified date, special elections are often called at the discretion of the governing authority to ensure immediate representation. These elections may apply to various levels of government, including local, state, or federal offices. The process allows for timely continuity in governance and ensures that constituents have an elected representative.