A single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system that allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference. Its primary goal is to achieve proportional representation in elected bodies. The STV system is used in multi-member districts, enabling more equitable representation of diverse political opinions. When votes are counted, active preferences help to transfer surplus votes to other candidates, minimizing wasted votes. This method is notably employed in Ireland for parliamentary elections and is also used in local elections in various jurisdictions, promoting a more representative democratic process.