A referendum is a direct vote in which the electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal, often resulting in the adoption or rejection of a policy or law. It functions as a tool of direct democracy, allowing citizens to have a direct say in legislative decisions or constitutional amendments. In democratic governance, referendums can enhance public participation and legitimacy but may also present challenges, such as oversimplifying complex issues. They serve as a check on elected representatives by enabling voters to express their preferences on significant matters directly.