The term "patriot act" refers to the USA PATRIOT Act, enacted in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. This legislation aimed to enhance national security by expanding the government's surveillance and law enforcement capabilities. Key provisions included increased information-sharing among agencies and the ability to conduct searches without warrants. However, the act has been controversial due to concerns over civil liberties and privacy rights, sparking debates about the balance between security and individual freedoms within democratic societies.