Several factors contribute to political apathy among citizens, including a lack of awareness about political issues, disillusionment with the political system, and the perception that individual votes carry little weight. Limited access to reliable information can diminish engagement, as can feelings of disenfranchisement. Additionally, socio-economic challenges and time constraints may prevent individuals from participating in political processes. A culture of cynicism toward politics and leadership can further reinforce apathy, leading to lower voter turnout and reduced civic involvement.