“Political polarization” signifies the growing ideological divide between different political groups or parties, leading to increased partisanship and decreased willingness to compromise. This phenomenon is characterized by a stark contrast in beliefs, values, and policy preferences, often resulting in hostility and conflict between opposing factions. In contemporary politics, polarization can hinder effective governance and create gridlock, as lawmakers prioritize party loyalty over collaborative solutions. Factors contributing to polarization include media fragmentation, social media influence, and demographic changes, which have resulted in echo chambers that reinforce existing beliefs, further entrenching divisions and complicating consensus-building efforts.