Political polarization refers to the growing divide between opposing political groups, leading to extreme partisanship and reduced ability for compromise. This phenomenon can result from ideological differences, social identities, and media influences. Polarization undermines democratic processes, making it difficult for legislators to achieve bipartisan agreements. It also exacerbates societal divisions, often making political dialogue contentious and strained. As a result, polarization can hinder effective governance and alienate individuals from engaging in political discourse, further entrenching divisive sentiments.