"Political polarization" refers to the ideological and emotional distance between political parties and their supporters, often resulting in deeply entrenched divisions in society. This phenomenon manifests as increased hostility, less compromise, and stark differences in beliefs about policies and governance. Polarization can hinder effective collaboration within government, create gridlock, and lead to heightened tensions among citizens. Media portrayal, social identity, and the rise of partisan politics contribute to this phenomenon, affecting electoral dynamics and civic engagement. Overcoming polarization is essential for fostering dialogue and cooperation in the political sphere.