The term "political patronage" refers to the practice of granting government jobs or positions to individuals based on their political support rather than merit. This system often occurs in the context of clientelism, where political leaders reward loyal supporters with employment or contracts in exchange for their political backing. While patronage can help build party loyalty and ensure political support, it can also lead to corruption, inefficiency, and a lack of accountability in government operations. Reform efforts often aim to reduce patronage in favor of a more merit-based system.