Political ideologies encompass a broad spectrum of beliefs and values regarding governance, society, and the economy. Major ideologies include liberalism, emphasizing individual rights and freedoms; conservatism, which advocates for tradition and established social norms; and socialism, focusing on social ownership and equality. Additionally, ideologies can include feminism, environmentalism, and nationalism, each offering distinct perspectives on the role of government and citizen responsibilities. Understanding these ideologies helps contextualize political debates and party platforms within a society.