In political theory, "pluralism" refers to a system where multiple groups, identities, and interests coexist and actively participate in shaping public policy and governance. This framework recognizes the diversity of society and promotes the idea that power should be distributed among various competing entities rather than centralized in a single authority. Pluralism encourages debate and compromise and allows for a more inclusive representation of different perspectives. It is fundamental in democratic societies, as it ensures that various voices are heard and that policy outcomes reflect the diversity of the population.