The term "judicial activism" refers to the practice where courts interpret laws and the constitution in ways that reflect current values and social needs, rather than adhering strictly to original intentions. This approach often involves judges making decisions that can influence public policy and address issues related to social justice, civil rights, and equality. Critics argue that judicial activism can undermine the role of elected officials, while proponents believe it promotes a responsive judiciary that adapts to changing societal circumstances. This debate highlights the balance between judicial authority and democratic governance.