The term "civil liberties" refers to the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals, typically enshrined in a nation’s constitution or legal framework. These liberties include freedoms of speech, religion, assembly, and the right to privacy, protecting individuals from government overreach. In contemporary politics, civil liberties are essential for maintaining a democratic society, ensuring that people can participate freely in civic life and express their views without fear of retribution. Advocacy for civil liberties often arises in response to perceived threats from legislation or government actions that may infringe upon these essential rights.