"Party polarization" refers to the growing divide between political parties, leading to distinct ideological and policy differences that hinder bipartisan cooperation. This polarization manifests in legislative contexts, where party members often prioritize party loyalty over compromise or collaboration. Increased polarization can result in gridlock, making it difficult to pass legislation or address pressing issues. It also fosters an environment of partisan rhetoric and hostility that can alienate moderate voices and diminish the overall effectiveness of governance. Consequently, party polarization impacts both public perception and the functioning of democratic institutions.