The "ideological spectrum" is a way to categorize different political beliefs and ideologies based on their stances on key issues. Typically, the spectrum ranges from liberal on the left, advocating for social equality and government intervention in economics, to conservative on the right, emphasizing individualism and limited government. Additionally, some models include libertarian and authoritarian views, providing a more nuanced understanding of political attitudes. This spectrum serves as a framework for analyzing political parties, movements, and voter behavior, aiding in the comprehension of complex political landscapes.