"Criminalization of dissent" refers to the process by which governments label expressions of opposition, protest, or criticism as criminal acts. This tactic often includes enacting laws or regulations that target specific forms of speech, assembly, or mobilization, effectively stifling dissenting voices. The criminalization of dissent undermines fundamental human rights and democratic norms, as it limits citizens' ability to challenge authority and advocate for change. In many cases, such actions can lead to authoritarianism and the erosion of civil liberties, highlighting the importance of protecting free expression in democratic societies.