A unitary government is characterized by a centralized authority where all powers are concentrated at the national level, allowing for uniform laws and policies across the entire country. By contrast, a federal government divides powers between a central authority and smaller political units, such as states or provinces, enabling a degree of autonomy for local governments. This structure facilitates a diverse range of laws and policies tailored to local needs while maintaining a cohesive national framework. Such distinctions impact governance, with unitary systems often promoting swift decision-making, while federal systems can facilitate representation of varied interests.