A national government is distinct from a local government primarily in its scope and authority. National governments hold power over an entire country, managing areas such as defense, foreign relations, and monetary policy. In contrast, local governments focus on community-specific matters such as zoning, education, and local law enforcement. National authorities often set overarching policies, while local governments implement them at regional levels. This division allows for a tailored approach to governance, addressing both broad and specific needs within a population.