A "failed state" is defined by its inability to provide basic governmental functions, such as maintaining law and order, delivering public services, or protecting citizens' rights. Characteristics include political instability, widespread corruption, and lack of centralized authority, leading to civil unrest and humanitarian crises. Key indicators involve high levels of violence, economic collapse, and refugee flows. The international community may intervene in failed states to restore order or provide humanitarian assistance, although such interventions can be controversial. Ultimately, the designation highlights the complex challenges of governance and national integrity in today's geopolitical landscape.