Political polarization poses significant challenges in contemporary politics, leading to entrenched divisions within society. As individuals align more closely with ideological extremes, bipartisan collaboration becomes increasingly difficult, impacting legislative effectiveness. Polarization can foster a toxic political environment, hindering constructive dialogue and intensifying partisan conflicts. Additionally, it may contribute to the erosion of trust in institutions and diminish civic engagement, as individuals feel disconnected from a political system perceived as incapable of addressing common interests or solving pressing issues.