Mass surveillance has profound implications on civil liberties, as it often compromises the right to privacy and leads to self-censorship among individuals. The monitoring of personal communications and online activities can deter free expression and increase state control over the populace. Furthermore, mass surveillance programs can disproportionately target marginalized communities, exacerbating social inequalities. The tension between national security and individual freedoms raises ethical questions about the extent of government surveillance and its justification. It challenges the core tenets of a democratic society, as citizens may feel increasingly scrutinized and vulnerable.