The historical roots of democracy can be traced back to Ancient Greece, particularly in the city-state of Athens during the 5th century BCE. Here, citizens participated directly in decision-making through assemblies and councils, laying foundational principles of popular sovereignty. Although Athenian democracy was limited to free male citizens, it established crucial concepts like civic participation and equality before the law. Over time, these ideas evolved, influencing modern democratic systems and emphasizing the importance of political rights and citizen engagement.