The historical roots of democracy can be traced back to ancient Greece, particularly in the city-state of Athens during the 5th century BCE. The term derives from the Greek words "demos" (people) and "kratos" (power), signifying rule by the people. Athenian democracy was characterized by direct participation, where citizens (excluding women, slaves, and non-citizens) voted on legislation and executive decisions. Over time, the concept evolved, influenced by Enlightenment thinkers who advocated for representative democracy, where elected officials represent the populace. These foundations have shaped modern democratic systems worldwide, emphasizing citizen participation and rule of law.