The essential elements of democracy include popular sovereignty, political equality, and protection of individual rights. In a democratic system, power derives from the people, typically exercised through regular, free, and fair elections. Political equality ensures that every citizen's vote holds equal weight, fostering inclusive participation. Additionally, democracies protect individual rights, including freedom of speech, assembly, and the press, enabling open political discourse and accountability. The rule of law is also crucial, ensuring that laws apply equally to all individuals. Together, these elements create a framework for citizen engagement and effective governance, essential for a functioning democracy.