Partisan polarization has significant effects on governance, as it often leads to gridlock and a lack of compromise among political parties. When parties become increasingly divided along ideological lines, it hampers their ability to collaborate on critical issues such as budgeting, healthcare, or infrastructure. This polarization can result in stalled legislation and exacerbate public frustration with the political system. Moreover, it may drive voters to the extremes, further entrenching divisions and reducing opportunities for bipartisanship. Consequently, partisan polarization challenges the stability and effectiveness of governance, undermining public trust in government institutions.