Civil rights and civil liberties, though often used interchangeably, refer to distinct concepts in political discourse. Civil rights involve the protection of individuals from discrimination and the guarantee of equal treatment under the law, often legislated through policies aimed at promoting equality. On the other hand, civil liberties pertain to fundamental freedoms that protect individuals from government overreach, such as freedom of speech and religion. Both are essential for a functioning democracy, but civil rights focus more on societal equality, while civil liberties emphasize protection from state interference.