Characteristics of a republic include a system of representative governance, wherein elected officials are accountable to the electorate. In a republic, the rule of law prevails, ensuring that laws apply equally and uphold individual rights. This form of government emphasizes separation of powers, typically distinguishing between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches to prevent tyranny. Moreover, a republic fosters civic participation by enabling citizens to engage in the ruling process through voting and advocacy. The underlying principles often emphasize democracy, individual liberties, and the protection of minority rights.