A “swing voter” is a member of the electorate who is not firmly aligned with any political party and whose voting behavior can vary from election to election. Their decisions can significantly influence the outcome of closely contested elections, as they often remain undecided until shortly before voting day. Factors that affect swing voter dynamics include key issues, candidate appeal, and economic conditions. Campaigns typically invest considerable resources in targeting these voters, using tailored messages to sway their preferences and enhance their motivations to participate.