Voter ID legislation impacts electoral participation by establishing requirements for identification at polling places. Proponents argue it enhances election integrity and prevents voter fraud. However, critics contend that such laws disproportionately affect marginalized groups, including minorities and low-income individuals who may lack proper identification. This can lead to lower voter turnout and representation among affected populations, challenging the principle of universal suffrage. The debate surrounding voter ID legislation highlights the tension between ensuring election security and maintaining equitable access to the democratic process for all citizens.