The separation of powers is a fundamental principle that protects individual rights by ensuring that government authority is divided among different branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. This division prevents any one entity from monopolizing power, thereby safeguarding against tyranny and abuse. Each branch has distinct functions and checks the powers of the others, promoting accountability and transparency within governance. By creating a structure where rights are defended against potential overreach, the separation of powers is essential for sustaining a free and just society.