The concept of separation of powers functions in governance by dividing governmental authority into distinct branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial. This division is intended to prevent the concentration of power and protect against tyranny. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers, which allows for a system of checks and balances. By ensuring that no one branch can unilaterally control the government, separation of powers fosters accountability and encourages collaboration among branches. This structure is fundamental to maintaining a democratic and fair governance system.