The concept of dual sovereignty operates in federal systems where power and authority are divided between national and state governments. Each level has its own jurisdiction and can enact laws independently, allowing for a division of responsibilities in governance. This structure enables different regions to tailor policies to their unique needs while maintaining the unity of a single nation. However, it can also lead to legal complexities and conflicts over authority, especially when laws at the state level challenge federal regulations. Proper balance and cooperation between both levels are crucial for effective governance.