The concept of checks and balances in the U.S. government is designed to prevent any one branch from gaining excessive power. It involves the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Each branch has specific functions and the ability to limit the powers of the others, ensuring a system of oversight. For example, the President can veto legislation, Congress can impeach, and the courts can rule laws unconstitutional. This system promotes a balance that helps protect democracy and individual rights.